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Texts : Cecco d’Ascoli

The Italian text is from the Pasquale Rosario edition of 1916. The English is a machine translation (Google) with corrections. The images are from manuscript Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut.40.52.

Book 3, chapter 9. El struzzo (ostrich)

  • El struzzo, per la soa caliditate,
  • In nutrimento lo ferro converte.
  • Non vola in air per soa gravitate.
  • De giugno, quando vede quelle stelle
  • Globate in oriente ben aperte,
  • Sotterra l' ova, e scordase de quelle.
  • Mettendo l' ova sotto nel sablone,
  • Nascono per vertù che 'l sol ne spira,
  • Onde de vita ven perfeczione.
  • Nutrica li fioli, poi che son nati;
  • Recordase de l' ova, e ficto mira,
  • Guardando lor con occhi humiliati.
  • Cossi, chi sente al core el dolce foco
  • Che nasce per disio de costei,
  • El mal consuma e serva in suo loco ;
  • E se de lei peccando se scorda,
  • Piangendo con sospiri dice omei,
  • Quando de questa donna s' arrecorda.
  • El gran pentire tolle el gran peccare,
  • S' el core fa per doglia lagremare.
  • The ostrich, because of its heat,
  • Turns iron into food.
  • It cannot not fly through the air because of its weight.
  • In June, when it sees those stars
  • Globed wide open in the east,
  • It buries its eggs and forgets them.
  • By placing the eggs in the sand,
  • They are born by the power that the sun breathes,
  • From where the perfection of life comes.
  • It nourishes the young, after they are born;
  • She remembers the eggs and gazes intently,
  • Looking at them with humbled eyes.
  • So, whoever feels in his heart the sweet fire
  • That is born from desire for her,
  • Consumes it and keeps it in its place;
  • And if he forgets her by sinning,
  • Weeping with sighs he says how,
  • When he remembers this lady.
  • Great repentance takes away great sin,
  • If the heart weeps for grief.

Book 3, chapter 20. El grifo (griffin)

  • El grifo assai è forte, ma pur teme
  • Per molti animai che son ne li monti,
  • Chè per lor corpi lo tossico freme.
  • Sempre nel nido lo smeraglio pone,
  • Sì che non sieno li soi nervi ponti:
  • Per questa pietra fa defensione.
  • Cossi de vertù divi mettere costei
  • Dentro nel core, con la ferma fede,
  • La qual defende l' om da l' acti rei,
  • Da l' inimico e dal serpent' antiquo,
  • E dona pace gloria e mercede,
  • Togliendo a l' alma lo valor iniquo.
  • Chi seco porta questa bella pietra,
  • Già mai de soa salute non s' arietra.
  • The griffin is very strong, but still fears
  • The many animals that dwell in the mountains,
  • Because poison quivers through their bodies.
  • It always places the emerald in its nest,
  • So that its nerves are not tense:
  • With this stone it makes defense.
  • Thus must this one place the divine virtues
  • Inside the heart, with the firm faith,
  • Which defends one from evil deeds,
  • From the enemy and the ancient serpent,
  • And gives peace, glory, and reward,
  • Removing from the soul the iniquitous value.
  • He who carries this beautiful stone with him,
  • Never again will be deprived of his salvation.

Book 3, chapter 30. El basalisco (basilisk)

  • Signor è 'l basalisco de' serpenti,
  • E ciascun fugge, sol per non morire,
  • Da lo mortai viso con li occhi lucenti.
  • Nessuno animai po' campar de morte,
  • Che subito la vita non espire;
  • Cotant' è lo so veneno atroce e forte.
  • La donnola, trovando de la ruta,
  • Combatte con costui, e sì l' occide,
  • Che 'l tosseco de lui con questa stuta.
  • Cossi fa l' alma col maior inimiquo,
  • Che per vertù lo tosseco divide,
  • Da sé lassando lo voler iniquo;
  • E, pur vincendo al mondo, in sé combatte,
  • Sì che lo nimico finalmente abbatte.
  • The basilisk is lord of the serpents,
  • And each flees, only to avoid dying,
  • From the fatal sight of its shining eyes.
  • No soul can escape death,
  • That does not immediately expire life;
  • I know such a terrible and strong poison.
  • The weasel, finding rue,
  • Fights with this one, and kills him so,
  • Combating his poison with this poison.
  • So does the soul with the greatest enemy,
  • Which by virtue separates the poison,
  • Abandoning from itself the wicked will;
  • And, though conquering the world, it fights within itself,
  • So that finally it overthrows the enemy.

Book 3, chapter 39. Elefante (elephant)

  • Sopra onne animai che non ha intellecto,
  • Ha più de conoscenza l' elefante,
  • Che, quasi per rason, fa onne effecto.
  • Sempre s' aduna ne la luna nova;
  • Ciascun se bagna, nel fiume stante;
  • Chinando el capo, par che fé lo mova.
  • Quando el forma tron in le crude erbe,
  • Qual verso 'l celo umilmente mostra,
  • Quasi Dio prega che 'l so mal desnerbe.
  • Se vede l' omo de la via smarrito,
  • Va 'nauti a lui e la via demostra,
  • Fin che retorna nel camin sentito :
  • Se allora l' omo se scontra col dragone,
  • Combatte l' alifante e fa defesa,
  • Che l' omo non receva lesione.
  • Cossi tu divi conoscenza avere,
  • Tenendo sempre la memoria accesa
  • Et in tutti l' acti la rason vedere;
  • E bagnar l' alma da li peccati enorme,
  • Humiliando el cor al to Fattore.
  • Oi mente peccatrice che pur dorme,
  • In ciò che fai, leva el grand' aspecto
  • E la toa mente verso 'l primo amore
  • Che da lui nasce tutto 'l ben perfecto!
  • E, se peccando smarrisci la via,
  • A penetenzia rason te conduca,
  • Sì che non caggi ne la morte ria:
  • Mira la morte corno forte rugge;
  • Tolle el disio dal cor che te manduca
  • E pensa che la vita onnora fugge.
  • Certa è la morte, ma incerta è l' ora;
  • Però resisti combattendo, et ora.
  • Above all animals that have no intellect,
  • The elephant has more knowledge than anything else,
  • Which, almost by reason, produces every effect.
  • They always gathers at the new moon;
  • Each bathes in the flowing river;
  • Bowing its head, as if it is moved.
  • When it forms a throne in the harsh grass,
  • As it humbly points to the sky,
  • As if praying to God to unravel its evil.
  • If sees a man lost on the path,
  • It goes to him and shows him the way,
  • Until he returns to the path he has sensed:
  • If a man is attacked by a dragon,
  • The elephant fights it and defends him,
  • So that he receives no injury.
  • So you should have such knowledge,
  • Always keeping your memory alive
  • And seeing reason in all your actions;
  • And bathe the enormous sins of the soul,
  • Humbling your heart to its Maker.
  • O sinful mind that still sleeps,
  • In what you do, lift your grand gaze
  • And your mind toward the first love
  • From which all perfect good is born!
  • And, if by sinning you lose the way,
  • May reason lead you to repentance,
  • So that you do not fall into cruel death:
  • Behold death how it roars mightily;
  • Take from your heart the desire to sin
  • And consider that honorable life flees.
  • Death is certain, but the hour is uncertain;
  • Therefore resist by fighting and prayer.